How Operating System Handle Their Process Management

PROCESS MANAGEMENT How operating system handle their process management WINDOWS 7 In windows, memory is managed by the system and metadata about processes is often stored in registry. Each process provide the resources needed execute the program. Each process start with single thread, often called primary thread but can create additional thread of its any thread. In windows you can review the process and control them through task manager. Multitasking Windows support preemptive multitasking, which is create the effect of simultaneous execution of multiple thread from multiple process. Moreover , multiple thread within the same process may be allocated to separate processor and execute simultaneously. Threads states An existing windows thread in one of six states : ïÆ' ¼ Ready: May be scheduled for execution. . The microkernel dispatcher keeps track of all ready threads and schedules them in priority order. ïÆ' ¼ Standby: A standby thread has been chosen to run next on a particular processor. The thread waits in this state until processor is available. If the standby thread s priority is high enough, the running thread on that processor may be preempted in favor of the standby thread. Otherwise, the standby thread waits until the running thread timed out. ïÆ' ¼ Running: The standby thread enters the running state and begins execution and continues execution untilShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cis Memory Management1577 Words   |  7 Pagesto show how memory is used in executing programs and its critical support for applications. C++ is a general purpose programming language that runs programs using memory management. Two operating system environments are commonly used in compiling, building and executing C++ applications. These are the windows and UNIX / Linux (or some UNIX / Linux derivative) operating system. In this paper we will explore the implementation of memory management, processes and threads. Memory Management WhatRead MorePrinciples Underlying Operating System ( Os )1586 Words   |  7 PagesPrinciples Underlying Operating System: An Operating System (OS) is a manager which manages hardware and software components and makes them usable to the end user. There are many operating systems available to use such as Windows, Android, Linux and Apple OS. All operating systems (OS) are designed with some fundamental principles keeping in mind. Every operating system makes the hardware to be used and generating high performance. Security is one of the fundamental principles which have to beRead MoreApplication Of Android For Android1365 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology. A great evolution has also been done in operating systems as well. 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Hardware abstraction layers (HAL) allow the operating system to interact with hardware elements of the machine that said operating system is runningRead MoreThe Complexities of Healthcare Supply Chains 855 Words   |  3 PagesHealthcare Supply Chains The healthcare supply chain shares a number of similarities with other chains, not only in terms of processes (e.g. procurement, warehousing, distribution), but also in terms of discerning customers and management structures. There are also differences in the chain that are related to the specific characteristics and requirements of the sector. In general, healthcare supply chains are very complex, diverse, and dynamic. That complexity arises from the numerous companiesRead MoreLion Financial Services Case Study1551 Words   |  7 PagesLion Financial Lion Financial Services (LFS) provides investment management services to approximately 350,000 customers, made up of corporations, institutions, and individuals. 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Using the system, theRead MoreChapter 5 Of The Windows Internals Textbook1076 Words   |  5 PagesAlex Ionescu covers Windows processes, threads, and jobs. This chapter goes over how processes are managed, describes the kernel mode and user mode, and process blocks. One of the topics I am covering for my final is the similarities and differences between processes and threads in Windows and FreeBSD so this source will help provide information about the properties of threads, processes and jobs in Windows and how they are managed. Windows Internals, Part 2, 6th ed, Chapter 8 Chapter 8 of the WindowsRead MoreChrome Os1330 Words   |  6 Pagesbrowser, a media player and a file manager are pre-installed together with the Chrome OS. } [Scheduling]{ Chrome Operating System runs the Linux 3.4.6 kernel which utilizes the Completely Fair Scheduler. This is to ensure fairness by allowing processes an equal share of the CPU. To do this, the scheduler keeps track of the amount of time each process has had with the CPU using a virtual runtime. The Completely Fair Scheduler also allows group scheduling. Group scheduling ensures

Why Should Pass The Bills And Policies That Promote Equal...

The debate of whether to pass the bills and policies that promote equal treatment of lesbians, gay, bisexual, transgender, and the queer (LGBTQ) community has been trending across nations. People refer to fundamental human rights like the freedom of speech and association, liberty, and equal treatment in court as civil rights, because they are fundamental rights that each and every citizen should not be denied on the basis of their sex, race, or religious belief. Though it has been proven that homosexuality – the sexual desire for those of the same sex as oneself – has existed since humans have begun documenting human history, the framers of the Constitution did not include the unconstitutionality of discrimination against citizens on the basis of sexual preference, thus, making this discrimination entirely legal. It is, therefore, important to consider the varying views on this issue with an aim of constructing a genuine proposition to the policy makers. Supporte rs of the LGBTQ believe that equal rights will protect the members of the community from the harsh discrimination they have been facing over the years. According to Friedman, these laws would finally see that their mental health is improved; due to the bullying and exclusion they face from people, the hate-crime victims have always suffered symptoms such as anger, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress (n.p). The majority of gay and lesbian students have also dropped out of school because they canShow MoreRelatedNvq Level 26498 Words   |  26 PagesUNIT 1 LEVEL 2 Introduction to Communicate in Health, Social care or children’s and young people’s settings 1. Give three reasons why people want to communicate. 1. People may want to communicate to express their wants or needs. 2. People may want to communicate to share their ideas or to teach others for example if i were taking a new carer out shadowing I would want to communicate effectively so i know I have done my best to let them know what and how to do the job. 3. PeopleRead MorePay Gap Discrimination Against Working Women And Men Essay2161 Words   |  9 Pageswoman as the equal of man.† This quote by the late Susan B Anthony speaks great volumes in regards to one of the raging issues of today. The question that has been lingering around is, have women reached that place of being equal to men? Unfortunately, the answer to the question is no. In the United States for example, the topic of women not being treated equally in terms of respect in high positioned jobs is a huge problem in today’s society. However, it is pushed under the rug. A reason why one canRead MoreWhy Is Complex Thinking Important For The Profession Of Social Work? Essay2249 Words   |  9 Pages 1. Why is complex thinking important to the profession of social work? Critical thinking is important to the profession of social work because social workers help people from every community and come across people or populations with experiences, ideas and opinions that often vary from their own (social workers). Before client’s treatment plan or intervention, social worker need to consider the beliefs, thoughts or experiences that may underlie the client’s action without the social workers makingRead MoreInjustice: The Lag in Civil Rights for Second-Class Citizens2810 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction As an openly gay identifying male, the topic of marriage equality is of the utmost importance. I am soon to be engaged, or so I hope, and want to marry in hopes that I am afforded the same opportunities under the law in marrying the person I genuinely love. However, I have come to the realization that I am automatically considered a second class citizen, and reaping these benefits could quite possibly never come to pass. Even though you might not identify with the LGBT spectrum, duringRead MoreThe Cuases, Effects, and Prevention of Homophobia in America2604 Words   |  11 Pagesagainst the community of this country is on the rise. This is due to a number of causes of which we as the American people have the ability to change. We must closely exam the causes and the effects of homophobia in America to completely understand why and where this is still occurring in modern day society and how it may be further prevented. Homosexuality has existed as long as humanity itself, and with homosexuality always seems homophobia, or the completely extreme and irrational fear or aversionRead MoreNsl Final Exam Study Guide7447 Words   |  30 Pagescases each year. Numerous factors influence the actions of the Court, both in deciding to hear a case and in the decisions it hands down. a. Define judicial review. Judicial review is a power held in the Supreme Court to declare legislation, laws, bills, acts, and executive orders unconstitutional. b. Explain how judicial review empowers the Supreme Court within the system of checks and balances. Judicial review gives the Supreme Court power over the legislative and executive branch because theRead MoreSocial Policy Essay6100 Words   |  25 Pagesintroduced in 1911 comprising of two parts: the national insurance Actpart I and part II. The National Insurance Part I distributed the national insurance scheme along with the provision of the medical benefits, also benefited to the workers for the free treatment of the tuberculosis by a panel doctor. on the other hand , the national insurance Act part II provided the people for the unemployment benefit for unlimited time. In order to cover the most of the workers from the age of 16 who are manual and nonRead MoreLegalization of Same Sex Marriage9779 Words   |  40 Pagesregards to the legalization of Same-sex Marriage in the Philippines. 1. To know the demographic profile of the respondents. 2. To identify the perception of the students towards same sex marriage. 3. To determine policies and the measures that the government will undertake on the issue regarding same sex marriage. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY    This study will benefit the following groups of people: Students.   To be informed about the currentRead MoreRacial Profiling Essay7678 Words   |  31 Pagesthese definitions means that interested parties are often discussing different types of police practices, behavior, and policies to implement into the law enforcement agencies. As such, proposals or senate bills to prohibit racial profiling would prevent a range of police activities depending on which definition was used. 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It’s the Economy, Student! (Reaction Paper) Free Essays

It’s the Economy, Student! As the saying goes, â€Å"No one touches a dirty pot without getting his/her hand dirty. † This reminds me of this topic. Based on my own view about the article written by the former president and now the representative of Pampanga, Congresswoman Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, she had done many good things in our country such as: Our climate changes each decade because everyday people neglected to do their duties in order to save our dying environment. We will write a custom essay sample on It’s the Economy, Student! (Reaction Paper) or any similar topic only for you Order Now We, as perfect creation of our God Almighty, promised to take care of His creatures but we fail doing it. We must do everything that we can to protect, flourished our nature or environment and its creation, but because of our personal interest and greediness, we explore in several ways on how to make money without thinking the damage that it would do to our world. Moreover, even if we knew that the damage has been done, thus affecting the balance of nature, still we continue doing ways that would destroy our environment just to amaze more power and wealth. Congresswoman Gloria M. Arroyo, in her given information, said that she was too concerned during her time in promoting how to save our dying environment and she even mentioned this in her talked to Asia Pacific Economic Council (APEC) convention. It is very ironic, while she’s demonstrating her concern to our environment, several mining businesses were allowed to operate during her time such as the ones being mentioned in the news that there was this kind of mining, such as selling the entire mountain in Surigao Del Norte and shipping it to other countries such as China and other neighboring countries. I am just astonished on how perfect she played her game, playing around the circle. Now tell me who’s talking? The mountain that cannot be replaced anymore. And who will be to blame? The calamities, one after another, that we are experiencing this days, are the products of the great master plan of the once greedy person. Yes she signed a large laws to codify the environment such as clean water, bio fuel†¦etc. nd yet what was the result of our natural gas, â€Å"THE MALAPAYA DEEP WATER GAS PROJECT IN PALAWAN† still we are spending dollars importing gases †¦tell me who’s talking†¦ She said that she created a program that could fight for the continuously increasing unemployed citizens in the country, jobless citizens, so we can over calm poverty, she managed to compare her program to the program of former president Estrada, who’s presidency lasted only for 2 yrs†¦definitely her program runs through many years, but does it give credit? Tell me who’s talking†¦. Talking about the education †¦ let me say, as I recall it right, she managed to get mad at Department of Education Assistant Secretary Tonisito Umali, when the latter said to her on national television that the schools in our country need classrooms, teachers, etc. because they can no longer accommodate 70 to 100 students per class. Even Amorsolo can’t paint her aura, the news anchor that time fed in the advertisement at once so the viewer will not notice that scene. The report stated that, â€Å"For Filipinos, family is everything and the future of our children is sacred. That is why I invested so much time and effort in rejuvenating our education system. I met with teachers and other educators to get a first-hand look at the improvements that we need to make. I listened to what these fine public servants had to say, and in response to their advice, I increased the country’s total budget for education by nearly four times: from Ps 6. 6 Billion in 2000 to Ps 24. 3 Billion in 2010 when I stepped down. Those funds went into the following critical areas of educational spending: Now thinking how she foreseen those problems ,and eventually the solution to those problems, if she manage to done it right definitely our present president will able to continue her act for the betterment of our country, that is if only she done it right.. † â€Å"As my father, the late President Diosdado Macapagal, used to say that the Presidency of the Philippines is a tough and killing job that demands a sense of sacrifice. At the end of the day, it comes down to plain hard work. A president must work harder than everyone else. And no matter what he thinks he was elected to do — even if that includes running after alleged offenders in the past — he must not neglect the bread and butter issues that preoccupy most of our people most of the time: keeping prices down, creating more jobs, providing basic services, securing the peace, pursuing the high economic growth that is the only way to vault our country into the ranks of developed economies. I must say that if you were given a chance to serve your people, be sure to do your best even if your best is not enough to the people, but in the eyes of God you are serving Him your very best. No turning back, no one will be blamed. -Rosebelle Harlan How to cite It’s the Economy, Student! (Reaction Paper), Essay examples

Sustainable Improvement Of Australian Government †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Improvement Of Australian Government. Answer: Review This section of the paper deals with the continuous improvement according to the process that has been developed in the earlier task. Each of the processes that have been discussed have been explained below: Purpose This policy or guideline explains the methods with the help of which Australian Government would construct and introduce the processes that are written and are associated to the sustainable improvement of their processes and perform according to the opportunities in order to rectify and improve their processes. Scope This process is applicable to all the individuals who are contracted and employed to the Australian Hardware. The sustainable improvement is found to be precisely like a philosophy rather than a system or a process. It needs every individual as a participant to embrace, as a part of their general task or work, a mindset that is unremittingly discovering ways to enhance the systems and the processes in order to make them more effective and efficient. Responsibilities The CEO of the organization is accountable for the issue and the control of this process. Procedures The continuous development of the efficiency and the effectiveness of Australian Hardware Operational system is achieved with the utilisation of the quality policy, manual about the quality, quality objectives and the results related to audits, evaluation of the data, preventive and corrective actions and the reviews undertaken by the management. Australian Hardware has generated an atmosphere that motivate all the respondents to dynamically look for the chances for development of the performance in the services, processes and the products in order to enhance the level of satisfaction for all the employees. The sustainable improvement of the operational methods is introduced and developed effectively so that the feedback and the cycle for improvements is continued. In order to recognise the future regions of improvement in the operational method, the system will carry on evaluating in an effective manner with the help of systematic inaccuracy and the feedback that is obtained from internal and external customers and the stakeholders in order to recognise the new solutions and the issues in order to address these problems. The session are inclusive of the following: Evaluate the present Process: Process audits and internal audits gives out a mechanism to evaluate the functional processes from themanagement and the technical perspectives. These audits aids in authenticating what has been occurring in the process at the time and how it is being undertaken. The outcome can be utilised to recognise the aspects that needs improvements in the functional process. Additionally to the exploitation of these audits, the operational departments and the participants can give out recommendations on how to enhance the efficiency and the quality of the procedure from their distinctive viewpoint making use of numerous techniques constructed to gain candid opinion. This opinion may reveal what has been going well in the operational method, as well as knowledge and ideas regarding the aspects that can be improved. Recognition of the issues and the problems: The input from the external and the internal parties who are associated with the operational methods and evaluation of the metrics that should give out list of problems that would be beneficial for additional analysis. The input may be provided with the help of written documents or may be given with the help of oral interaction. Every problem that is recognised with the help of a source has a factor behind its continuation. In certain instances the problems has a specific base cause like the kind of the restriction that does not permit in performing the tasks in an effective manner. By gaining knowledge about the accurate cause, the answers can be found to be much more effective. Construct solutions to the problems: If the main factors of the problems and the restrictions to an effective performance in the operational method are not recognised, it will be tough to construct the probable solutions that will function to enhance the methods. Due to the various issues that may be existent, a formal method may be required to prioritize the issues that need to be addressed. A focus group or a team approach can be utilised to focus on constructing a specific answer for a problem. It has been observed that once an answer has been analysed by the focus team, the metrics will be the solution that can be traced and utilised to determine whether or not the answer is efficient. The metrics will be selected carefully so that they can replicate developments that are associated directly to the original issue and the answer being introduced. The data from these metrics can be placed in the structure for sustainable development of the solutions that can be undertaken. After the introduction of the answers has started, the metrics will be supervised on a continuous basis. The metrics will disclose whether or not the aims of the actions are being met. If the aims are not being reached then the focus team will assess the outcome and bring out the areas for enhancements. It is probable that the solution may not be introduced in an effective manner, the solution may not be a proper selection or the solution concentrates on rectifying the wrong issues. Relevant Legislation Anti-discrimination legislation Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 (VIC) Privacy Act 1998 (Commonwealth) Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Commonwealth) Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (VIC) Good Morning This letter is a reminder that we have alarming results of sustainable enhancement activities meeting is planned for Monday 11th September 2017 at 10:00 am. The meeting will take place at the Australian Hardware Head Office that is situated at 8 Queen Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000 in the meeting room number 1. A meeting agenda has even been attached. Certain essential points would be addressed, which is inclusive of the sustainable enhancement activities. Thank You Holden Greenwright CEO Australian Hardware 8 Queen Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000 holdengreenwright@australianhardware.co.au (02)6347 2200 Meeting Agenda Results of the Sustainable Improvement Activities Meeting Agenda Date/ Time: 11th September 2017 10:00 - 12:30 pm Location: Meeting Room 1 Objectives: Evaluate the sustainable improvement activities Report the end result of sustainable improvement activities Schedule 10:00 to 10:15 Introduction 10:15 to 10-45 Lean Manufacturing Strategy 10: 45 to 11:15 Operational System Improvement 11: 15 to 11:45 Outcomes of the Lean Manufacturing Strategy 11:45 to 12:15 QA panel 12: 15 to 12:30 End the meeting and construct the next steps Bibliography Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015.Strategic public relations management: Planning and managing effective communication campaigns (Vol. 10). Routledge. Cassidy, A., 2016.A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Coombs, W.T., 2014.Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Grunig, J.E. ed., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Pedersen, P.M., Laucella, P., Kian, E. and Geurin, A., 2016.Strategic Sport Communication, 2E. Human Kinetics. Smith, R.D., 2013.Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Wolf, C. and Floyd, S.W., 2017. Strategic planning research: Toward a theory-driven agenda.Journal of Management,43(6), pp.1754-1788.

And Then There Were None Essays (867 words) - Agatha Christie

And Then There Were None INTRODUCTION: The author: Agatha Christie was born in 1890 in Torquay in England. Her father was called Frederick Miller so she was born as Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller. She was educated at home and studied singing and piano in Paris. In 1914 she married Archibald Christie, but then World War I had broken out. Agatha worked as a nurse in a Red Cross hospital in Torquay at that time and that experience was useful later on. The book: I recently read a mystery book by the name of And Then They Were None by Agatha Christie. I read this book because a lot of people that read Agatha Christie's books recommended them to me and because I like mystery stories. One of the mysteries to this book was, of course, who killed all of the innocent people. Another mystery was that every time another person was killed a little Indian figure would disappear from the edges of a serving plate. SUMMARY: Ten people are invited to an island, called Indian Island, by letters that were signed by people they had met before. When they got to the island, they found out that their host, U.N.Owen, had not arrived yet. At dinner, they heard a voice, accusing each of them of a murder, which they were all guilty of. After one of them is killed, according to the first verse of a poem that is framed above each of their beds called Ten Little Indians, they figure out that the murderer is one of them! As more people are killed off, one by one, the group narrows the suspect list down, until only one is left alive but she figured that she would never get off the island anyway, and she hung herself from the ceiling by putting a noose around her neck and kicking the chair away on which she was standing, but she was not the killer. SETTING: In And Then There Where None by Agatha Christie, they didn't say when it took place, but I wouldn't be surprised that it was in the 1900's because that's when she wrote it. It was on an island in the middle of the ocean. You couldn't see any other land that surrounded it because it was really in the middle of nowhere! The general atmosphere was dark because there was a lot of trees and the ocean was nice but cold. They didn't exactly say where it was located, but I'm pretty sure it was in the Indian Ocean because they said it was called Indian Island! ANALYSIS: I really thought that this mystery story was very well written, and, in that case, very interesting! What I learned about this story is that you should never go somewhere with people you don't really know and like I said before: Ten people are invited to an island, called Indian Island, by letters that were signed by people they had met before. I would never go somewhere far away with people I just met! This is a mystery story so anything can happen, which I know now! It has a lot of changing meanings and it's a very doubtful story. You never know what is going to happen or how it's going to finish! It's a very invented story(I think!) and the ideas of the author are almost impossible to happen in reel life, but I guess that's what makes the story interesting! CONCLUSION: I really enjoyed this book and thought it to be entertaining. It was a hard book to put down and I read about half of the book in one day because it was so interesting. And since it is a mystery, I thought I knew exactly what was going to happen, but it had a strange twist right towards the end. I really enjoyed that all the murders where done exactly how the famous poem Ten Little Indians said, which reads: Ten little Indian boys went out to dine; One choked his self and then there were nine. Nine Indian boys sat up very late; One overslept himself then there were eight. Eight Indian boys traveling in Devon; One said he'd stay there then there were seven. Seven Indian boys chopping up sticks; One chopped himself in halves

causes of Revolutionary War essays

causes of Revolutionary War essays During the late seventeen hundreds, many tumultuous events resulted in Colonial opposition to Great Britain. The conditions of rights of the colonists will slowly be changed as the constriction of the parliament becomes more and more intolerable. During the Seven Years' War England was not only alarmed by the colonists' insistence on trading with the enemy, but also with Boston merchants hiring James Otis inorder to protest the legality of the writs of assistance (general search warrants) used to hunt out smuggled goods. "let the parliament lay what burthens they please on us, we must, it is our duty to submit and patiently bear them, till they will be pleased to relieve us....". This is a very strong dictum, that in 1764, the colonists were of a submissive nature, and were weakly pleading for self-autonomy. This small fire of anger will become a huge conflagration as the rights are slowly rescinded. On October 19, 1765 the Stamp Act Congress and Parliamentary Taxation committee's passed some laws that attempted to strengthen the grip of the English crown. "I.That his Majesty's subjects in these colonies, owe the same allegiance to the Crown of Great Britain that is owing from his subjects born within the realm, and all due subordination to that august body, the Parliament of Great Britain." This statement can be used as a summation of the entire document that the Stamp Act Congress had initiated. The statement depicts the colonists has having to be submissive and servile in the view of Great Britain, this policy angered the colonists very much, and was another component of the transition of the colonists' rights and liberties. When the Declatory Act was passed in March of 1766, many colonies were attempting to claim that they were "seceding" from England. "Whereas several of the houses of representatives in his ...

Abortion law and policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Abortion law and policy - Term Paper Example The issue of abortion has been one of the most controversial topics of all times in the American history.Abortion is a global issue that has attracted diversified opinion across people based on culture and political affiliationsVarious states have developed different legislations on abortion; this has created lack of uniformity in handling of abortion cases. Most of the legislations have focused on reducing induced abortion, its advocates have had two lines of thoughts which have kept on changing with time. There are those who have stood by the ‘pro-life’ concept while others ‘pro-choice’. In addition, states have also begun to consider the issue of spontaneous abortion. Despite the anti-abortion laws, there several cases of abortion that continues to be experienced across the country. American laws on abortion have a long history, dating back in 19th Century. Individual states in America started making legislation about abortion, as incidences of abortion w ere becoming noticeable (Abortion Rights Coalition of Canada 2). . The states of Connecticut was one of the pioneers in legislating on abortion related issue where they made a law that was to prosecute apothecaries who were selling poison to women, a situation that led to abortion. Other states followed suit including the New York City. It is notable that the laws adopted by the United States at independence were based on the British Common Law, it was clear from the law that life began at conception and all should protect its dignity. At the beginning of the 20th Century, abortion was considered a felony across all the states. It was a criminal offense punishable in a court of law. A landmark ruling in a case by the Supreme Court allowing the use of contraceptives changed the view of abortion. They had declared that life began at conception that takes place after implantation and not after fertilization, as was the original view. This led to the era of use of contraceptives as a bi rth control method. The debate continued with various groups in support of legalization of abortion in some circumstances while, there are those who thought it should be completely legalized. One famous notorious group called Jane initiated an abortion program that facilitated those who wanted to have abortion around 1960s. The states began slowly changing the legislations, becoming soft on the issue of abortion. The first state to legalize abortion was the state of Colorado; however, it was not permitted under all circumstances, but in the cases on incest, rape, or situations where the pregnancy would subject the woman to a chronic condition. Following the regulations pressure from the activists made other states to begin embracing abortion. Other states that followed include North Carolina, Oregon, New York City, Alaska, Washington and California. The legislations went further to include the request of the mother to have abortion legalized, this first began in Alaska around 1970. The Supreme Court was again called to intervene in a case United States versus Vuitch, they established that when the law talks about health it includes psychological as well as physical well being (Gruskin 1). This created an avenue for abortion to be adopted. Several states upheld abortion as illegal while there are those who set conditions for the legalization of abortion. The states of Alabama and Massachusetts allowed abortion under all conditions of the safety of mother and her health while Mississippi only allowed under the circumstances of incest and rape. In the recent past abortion has been at the centre of legislations in some of the American states. An attempt to ban abortion in Mississippi flouted after there was disagreements between the Senate and the House, the bill had initially been given a go ahead by the House Public Health committee, this demonstrates the path that the states are taking in reversing the abortion issues. In another case, a pro-life statute was si gned into law by the South Dakota governor and was

Compare and contrast atheism of Karl Marx, and Richard Dawkins and Term Paper

Compare and contrast atheism of Karl Marx, and Richard Dawkins and provide a profound definition on atheism is with regard to fa - Term Paper Example Most of these atheists have argued that their reason for not believing in the existence of deities is the hypocrisy that comes along with religion. Some see religion as means used by the people in the upper social class to oppress the ordinary or poor people. Some also argue that religion creates a platform on which leaders try to discourage people from rebelling against their leadership. For instance, some religions claim that violence is wrong and punishable this believe is drilled into children as they grow up, making sure that they fear punishment. This makes the children who grow up having this belief to be calm even when they are oppressed by those with higher status than them. This implies that these people will not rebel against any forms of oppression. Some of the major reasons, why people become atheists are discussed below. To begin with, religions argue that there is one creator, who made heaven and earth and all that is in it for seven days. Man was also created, and the creator created a channel to speak to mankind through prophets. With the development of many religions and beliefs, there are many prophets that have emerged most of whom are fake prophets, out to lie to mankind and oppress them in some way. The many numbers of prophets lead to different prophets who make different prophesies. Many atheists wonder that if there is one creator that exists, why it that prophets often give is prophesies that contradict, instead of prophesying constituent issues. Religion prompts mankind to be kind to each other, and to help one another. Religion also helps one to understand that life is not a practice run, thus creates the urge to fulfill the part of life that requires to be fulfilled. Another fact about atheists is that they are very conversant with different religions and their teachings and practices. This is because atheists more often than not, read too much literature on religion. Karl Marx is one of the very well known atheists. Marx has been a n atheist since he was a child for the rest of his life. In the 19th century, Karl Marx was an economist, theorist, and activist of socialism and communism. In his criticisms, Marx refers to religion as the â€Å"opium of the people.† He viewed religion as a foundation for the oppression of the poor and ordinary by the strong and influential people. He also argues that religion is created so as to make the believers docile, and to preventing them from rebelling from their leaders. Moreover, he says that the people who want to fight against the leadership in place use religious interpretations to come up with justifications for their rebellion. The atheism practiced by Marx was both practical and theoretical. Various factors have contributed to his theoretical atheism. The primary factor for his theoretical atheism is due to philosophical reasons; others include social, historical and political reasons. Marx argues that if individual visits a new town and finds their beliefs b eing totally different from his/her believes, the natives of this place are bound to mock him and claim that the visitor is a victim of fantasy and abstraction. The theoretical atheism of Karl Marx has led to him developing three postulates. These three include dialectical or metaphysical materialism, which makes a consideration of matters pertaining the supreme and exceptional basis of all things that do exist. Second is the historical materialism, in which the economic factor is the basic principle and the determining factor. This postulate also

Bruce Smith is a totally incompetent manager Essay - 1

Bruce Smith is a totally incompetent manager - Essay Example As we move along we will also use other theories and research to substantiate our conclusions. The interpersonal activities of a manager arise out of his status and the formal authority that he has. This category of activities supports the information processing and the decision roles which are the other two activities that manager performs. This is the role in which the manager represents the unit which he heads and becomes the one who symbolizes the unit. Duties must be carried out whether they are social, legal or inspirational. Events must be attended and documents must be signed. There is no evidence in the information provided in the case study to suggest that Bruce might not be fulfilling this role well. In fact his commitment to excellence in the performance of his unit indicates that he fulfills this role very well. This is a decisive role played by a manager particularly with respect to his relationship with subordinates. In the leadership role the manager keeps the subordinates motivated, encouraged and alert. The manager balances the interests of the organization (which he keeps first) with the interests of the employee to ensure effective functioning. I would categorize Bruce as an exceptional leader. ... These are technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills. Peterson & Fleet (2004, pp. 1299) have defined these for us: Technical skills are defined as the understanding of, or proficiency in, specific activities that require the use of specialized tools, methods, processes, procedures, techniques, or knowledge.Human skills are defined as the ability to work cooperatively with others, to communicate effectively, to resolve conflict, and to be a team player.Finally, conceptual skills are defined as the ability to see the organization as a whole or to have a systemic viewpoint Bruce would score highly on technical skills because of his ability to resolve technical issues as indicated by the feedback of his subordinate Stephen Dye who appreciated Bruce's ability to come up with solutions for technical problems like computers or paper or ink. Alex Brown another of Bruce's subordinates has complimented him on his interest in keeping his staff well trained as well as his frankness in giving feedback. Leonard Best tell us about the monthly morning tea awards which is a system that keeps the team motivated and contributes to a good spirit. These soft skills of Bruce give him a high score on human skills which is the second category of skills enumerated by Katz as necessary for managers. The time and energy he devotes to these human activities indicate the high level of priority that he attaches to these activities as well as his belief in the need to keep his team motivated. Liaison: This is the role of the manager which has to do with his networking skills. A positive equation with people with whom there may be no direct working relationship has great rewards and favor result out of these relationships. These kind of networking skills shaping internal and external

Impact of the Internet for SMEs in Malaysia

Impact of the Internet for SMEs in Malaysia Introduction The Internet According to Hamil (1997) stated that the efficiency and effectively medium used for accessing, organizing, and communicating information is representing the Internet. The presence on the Internet in the advanced economies is establishing from multinational or domestic whether its large or small (Duffy Dale, 2000). There are 888 million users of Internet for worldwide in 2004 and it is expected to growth until 1.35 billion by 2007 (eTForecast, 2004 Internet World Stats, 2005). In the global online population, Asia rank the highest percentage followed by Europe and then North America with Asia is 34, Europe is 29.2 and North America is 24.9 (Internet World Stats, 2005). English is the main medium of instruction for the Internet and the online population is declining for its dominance in the Web while the Chinese and Spanish speaking users are lesser extent but the Japanese users are on the rise (Glreach.com, 2004). The world most populous and developing nations such as China, India, Indonesia, and Brazil has forecasted that there will be a little growth of the internet users (eTForecasts, 2004). Internet use and access is uneven across countries due to global reach as the population of internet users in South Korea is 63.3 per cent, Malaysia is 35.9 per cent, and Thailand is 12.8 per cent. The o verall population internet users of these 3 countries just make up only 3.6 per cent of India population (World States, 2005). According to Peterson et al (1997), the accessing to online market surveys, newspapers and journals, country and industry market research, trade lists of suppliers, agents, distributors, and government contacts in a large number of countries are the reasons of the firms access to Internet. Internet can play a role as intermediaries between producer and users that mainly in collection, collation, interpretation, and distribution of information (Liang et al, 2004 Quelch Klein, 1996). Internet provides a flexible, reliable, and low-cost method if compared to other means of communication such as telephone, fax, and post (Poon Jevons, 1997). In the existing marketing activity, Internet is playing a supporting role (Hazel, 1996). The traditional dominance of fixed location stores will be replaced by a new retail format which is provided by Internet (Evans, 1996 Van Tassel Weitz, 1997). Internet is the means of communicating information about retail organization, products, and services (Bruno, 1997). In the US, retailer view the Internet as an emergence marketing communication tools that used to attracting new customers, penetrating new markets, promoting companys brand, and improving customer retention (Ernst Young, 1997). Small Business Enterprise (SME) and the Internet Small business enterprise is independently owned and operated where it is not dominant in its field, and doesnt engage in new or innovative practices. Neighborhoods grocery stores, fast-food restaurant, hair stylists, dry cleaners, video or record shops, and the veterinarian are an examples of small businesses. Qualitative factors are also important in describing the small businesses. To be classified as small, a small business must have at least two of the following features that are management is dependent, since the manager usually owns the business; capital is supplied and ownership is held by an individual or a few individuals; the area of operations is primarily local, although the market isnt necessarily local; the business is small in comparison with larger competitors in the industry (Washington DC: Small Business Administration, 1985). Perhaps the best definition of small business is the one used by Congress in the Small Business Act of 1953, which states that a small is one that independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field of operation. The act also authorized the Small Business Administration (SBA) to develop more detailed definition that takes into account such criteria as sales volume and the number of employees in the firm. Incorporating these criteria into workable guidelines for use in determining loans, the SBA has established the upper limits for small firms in this manner (Washington DC: Small Business Administration, 1985). As the global online users growing rapidly, SMEs have discovered unparallel new opportunities in the Internet that are entrepreneurial enough to recognize and take advantage of highly profitable niche markets (Forster, 2000 Poon Swatman, 1997). The researchers found that SMEs in the UK has been characterizes as dynamic, enterprising and ambitious as key role in entrepreneurship and innovation by DTI (DTI, 2000). McCalman (1999), states that the entrepreneurial character of the owner, individual managers or operational teams often associated with the fast growing of the new venture and the high growth and high technology firms appear to be more able and more willing to seize the opportunities afforded by the Internet. The Internet has changed the landscape of the firms in the worldwide and globalization is a key driven role for Internet usage by small firms to expand their operations to other nations. The main strategic factors that associated with successful information, communications, and technology (ICT) is often viewed by the organization learning, entrepreneurship, innovative workplace cultures, and knowledge management enhancement context. The Internet virtually has relevance either directly or indirectly for entrepreneurship management in every aspect of organizational learning (Matlay, 2001 Leitch Harrison, 1999). In the marketing context, Noh and Fitzsimmons (1999) have described complex, creative, and innovation relationship is a significant relationship found between Internet usage and the marketing functions where ICT and entrepreneurial activity strategically linked. The ICT opportunities that the marketing function can respond is depend on sustainable competitive advantage of the organizational changes which is the key to organizational survival (Brady et al, 1999 Komenar, 1997). In order to attract and retain customers, the SMEs have to derive customer service advantages and marketing performance gains by adopted transformative use of ICT (Brady et al, 1999). According to Martin and Matlay (2001), the relationship between marketing functions and ICT adoption in SME would make the firms need to make creative and innovative changes in ordeal to deal effectively with actual and perceived ICT related marketing opportunities due to less attention on strategic SME operations and emphasis mor e on managerial capacity and marketing opportunities. online marketing only the step two in a five stages sequential progress to e-commerce and full ICT integration by a company identifies by DTI adoption ladder. Market analysis and related responses or strategies might be seen as sophistication function for e-use in SMEs (Martin Matlay, 2001). Despite its high level of connectivity and basic e-commerce applications, business appear reluctant to move up the adoption ladder but the DTI adoption ladder model is heavily emphasis on financial based transaction (UK Online, 2000). In the UK, 80 per cent of the SMEs have accessed to the Internet and another much smaller proportion also able to implement and embed new technologies for strategic purposes based on the figures of Internet adoption (UK Online, 2001). The adoption of ICT in the smaller firms has made the impact on SME profitability largely due to high connectivity according to the number of recent benchmarking surveys (UK Online, 2000). The UK government has initiative to promote the use of ICT and has ambitious target for Internet adoption, some has been already achieved (UK Online, 2000). In 2002, the digital marketplace there was 1.5 million SMEs expected to be wired up since 1.7 million businesses already connected and 81 per cent of all firms in one form or another. The national e-economy development had shown the successful outcome of the achievements and impressive of Internet adoption (UK Online, 2000). Information technology is implemented in SME can described as multidimensional change process (Martinsons Chong, 1999 Butter Fitzgerald, 2001). Information technology is playing an important role for training in SME. According to Coates (2000), information technologies represent the drivers of change of all aspect of life. A new corporate culture and management change will form when the electronic commerce fit into organization operations (Fadden, 2000 Hard Knie, 2001). The most important element of implementation of information technology is human resources (Greene et al, 1997). Westhead and Storey (1996) describe that the implementation of information technology can intervene on training aid for change in developing human resources and human capabilities of the organization. Decision making has played a dominant role for owner-manager in SME sector (Jennings Banfield, 1993 Jennings Beaver, 1995). The owner-manager has acted as principal driving force for implementation and adoption of electronic commerce. The role of a person characterized is in conjunction with the nature of managerial activity (Jennings Beaver, 1995). The owner-manager has total control on training. So, Jennings and Beaver (1995) have stated that the extension of the owner-manager role is the provision of organization training. SMEs are operated under uncertain condition (Nooteboom, 1994 Storey, 1994 Acs et al, 1997). Skills and ability of SMEs have change in uncertain environment and SME has adopted (Hendry, 1995 Acs et al, 1997). Recognition of change has relation with the implementation of new technologies (Martinsons Chong, 1999 Coates, 2000 Buttler Fitzgerald, 2001). The Internet adoption in the SME has make SME staff learning through online collaboration. According to Flexwork (2004), a project supported by CEC FP5 IST Programme is a place where EU SME teleworking is gathering at Flexwork. Lawless (2004) stated that both virtual working and face to face contact are still needed as well as those frequent working online also have some face to face contact. The relationship forming through work online has to be considered to maintain well fairly (Walther, 1992). SME has practice team working and it is a most used method currently (Institute of Work Psychology, 1999). Computer World and British Telecom (2003) has stated that beneficiary from the process working online with others is SMEs wish and it must be properly conducted and resourced since there is over 50 per cent of SMEs has no formal IT strategy. ICT based environment is important for future networking platform and it is crucial for SME to cope with it (Ulbrich, 2000) and the need for chang e in SME has to take consideration on collaboration learning through ICT whether it is formal or informal (Fulantelli Allegra, 2003 Williamson et al, 2001). It is an ideal to have online collaborative training or learn cluster (Geer Au, 2002). Collaboration is required for supply chain and SME is a part of the supply chain especially in motor and technologies industry. The trial has been conducted in Athabasca University in Canada to simulate SME members (Athabasca, 2002). Some EU training organization has proposed online collaborative learning systems using virtual classrooms, network or similar (AutoTrainProject, 2000). The individuals in the same SME or separate SME can form the collaboration learning. The increase used of ICTs especially email for internal communication has become a crucial feature of innovativeness of SMEs as well as collaboration between individuals in same or separate SME (Andrew Pettigrew, 1997). Another increased capacity for innovation in SMEs are exter nal networking (Gray Allan, 2000). SMEs and the Internet in Malaysia Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC) was established on 2nd May 1996 which is an agency under Ministry of International Trade and Industry to promote and coordinate the development of SMEs in Malaysia through specific programs, provide technical support and management counseling services with the cooperation with other agencies, forge linkage industries between SMEs and large companies or multinational companies, and collaborate with other agencies locally and internationally to develop the SMEs (Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation Malaysia, 2008). Malaysia adopted a common definition of SMEs to facilitate the identification of SMEs in the various sectors and subsectors. It has facilitated the government to formulate effective development policies, support programs as well as the provision of technical and financial assistance (Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation Malaysia, 2008). The categories of SMEs in Malaysia consist of manufacturing, manufacturing related services and agro-based industries and another category is services, primary agriculture and information and communication technology (ICT). The enterprise in SMEs in Malaysia varies from micro enterprise, small enterprise, and medium enterprise (Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation Malaysia, 2008). The Malaysia government has recognized that ICT would serve as a foundation to transform Malaysia from a P-based economy to K-based economy. ICT was emphasized as an enabler mainly in manufacturing sector and National Information and Technology Council (NITC) was established and its primary function is to ensure that ICT well integrated in the socio-economic fabric of the nation (Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia, 2007) In the 9th Malaysia Plan, the strategic plans for Malaysia ICT including the implementation of Digital Content Development, E-Commerce, SSO, Bioinformatics, MyICMS 886 which consist of Content Development, ICT Education Hub, Digital Multimedia Receivers, Communication Devices, Embedded Components and Foreign Ventures. It also includes the launching of MSC Phase II and increasing the number of MSC status companies from 973 to 1236 (Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia, 2007). According to Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia facts and figures 2008, the number of main lines subscribers is 588 per 1000 inibitants, number of internet users is 714.3 per 1000 inhibitants, number of broadband subscribers is 96.13 per inhibitants, and number of computer subscribers is 805 per 1000 people in 2007 (Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia, 2008). The government has embarked on a concerted effort to improve the development of the SME sector. The government has integrated 14 ministries and 60 agencies as a model to approaches the SME to source of information of their businesses and stage of development. The Small and Medium Enterprise Development Council endorsed and launched the SMEinfo Portal as an integration of the Internet adoption and SMEs in Malaysia and a mechanism to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of dissemination of information to SMEs. Its a one stop online information resource SMEs across all sectors of the economy (SMEinfo, 2008). The SMEinfo Portal is portals that can comprehensive access to information and is a multilingual information portal outreach to wider SMEs as the function as sources of financing and types of financial support by financial institutions, business support programs by ministries and government agencies, training and advisory services, SME Business Adviser Network, managing counseling services, and relevant tools such as financial tools as well as events by ministries and government agencies (SMEinfo, 2008). The important features of the SMEinfo Portal is the SME Business Directory where SMEs can advertise products and services to large potential customers worldwide, sources of raw materials and relevant services by contracting suppliers, and identify potential customers to venture into new market for their products and services (SMEinfo, 2008). Problem Statement According to Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia facts and figures 2008, the number of main lines subscribers is 588 per 1000 inibitants, number of internet users is 714.3 per 1000 inhibitants, number of broadband subscribers is 96.13 per inhibitants, and number of computer subscribers is 805 per 1000 people in 2007. In UK, there are 80 per cent of SMEs have adopted Internet and another smaller proportion of small businesses also able to implement and embed new technologies for the strategic purpose. The small businesses in Malaysia have less adoption of Internet in business if compare to other countries such as UK and USA. So, the Internet adoptions in small businesses in Malaysia have another prospective such as some are using for information accessed. The Internet adoption for small businesses in UK and USA has been a long history in the industry. The early adopters for the Internet has used for the range of functions such as marketing and advertising, informa tion gathering, customer support and service and electronic transaction. There are several model to conduct the research on the Internet adoption for small businesses such as Rogers model of perceived attributes of the Internet. The firms has asked to rate their perceptions of Internet use for the business. From the previous research, Rogers, (1995) has listed the perceived attributes of the Internet as a strong influence exert on business use as: To what perceptions of innovation attributes for the research contribute to internet adoption for small businesses in Malaysia Research Objectives In this changing technology era, the internet has become more important for everyone to access for information, shopping and communications especially in the business use. So, the purpose of the research for the impact of the internet adoption for small businesses in Malaysia is: To investigate the relationship between innovation attributes and the internet adoption for small businesses in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between relative advantage of internet adoption and small businesses in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between compatibility of internet adoption and small businesses functions in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between complexity of internet adoption and small businesses in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between trialability of internet adoption and small businesses in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between observability of internet adoption and small businesses in Malaysia. Importance of the Study The importance of the study of research project titled The Factors Contribute to Internet Adoption for Small Businesses in Malaysia can be contributed to the industry, education and society. The study of this research can make an impact on industry, education, and society for different reasons. The impact of the study of this research on industry is identification of the potential business growth by small businesses in Malaysia with the Internet adoption. Business of the firm can growth by penetrating different market segments and coverage more geographical areas with using Internet as a marketing tool. Another impact of the study is can make the firm adopt process innovation and product innovation to reduce the cost of the production and capture the value of the customers with the quality products. The entrepreneurial opportunity also could discover on the study of this research. Youth could create entrepreneurial opportunity with the Internet adoption for developing own Electronic Business with the low cost, easy, and convenience method. The study of this research could create job opportunity in the industry especially from IT fields and entrepreneurship field. Besides, the importance of this study also contributes to the education. In education, undergraduates can have an improvement process of acquiring knowledge and information with the Internet adoption on academic. Universities and colleges can provide entrepreneurial skills and knowledge for undergraduates on students entrepreneurship development programs, academics and students organization on free enterprise. It also could increase the understanding of the technology in terms of information system and web development. Lastly, the importance of this study also contributes to the society. The study of this research can make an impact on society by reducing the employment rate for the country with the job creation by small businesses. It could increase the quality living of the society with the easy and conveniences services provide by small businesses on the adoption of the Internet. Foreign relation between people and people or government and government can be improving with the development of the Internet on the small businesses. The economies of the country can growth with the expansion and development of small businesses industry and small businesses can penetrate to another countries using Internet as well as increasing exports business of the country. Organization of Research Project The organization of the research project titled The Factors Contribute to Internet Adoption for Small Businesses in Malaysia overall consist of five chapters with each chapter has different aspects ranging from the different explanation of internet adoption and small businesses from different authors of journals to statistical analysis of the research study. In the chapter one, the definition and explanation of the internet extracted from different authors quote in different journals. The subtopics consist of the Internet, the SMEs and the Internet, and the SMEs and the Internet in Malaysia. In the chapter two, the literature review will extracted the quote from different authors in the journals to organize as a study of the internet adoption contribute to the small businesses in Malaysia. The other reviews of the literature are the relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability of the Internet adoption in any fields. In the chapter three, the methodology of the research will explain the sources of data collection from primary and secondary data. The hypothesis of the study and the procedures for collecting the samples will be explained here. In the chapter four, the discussions and results will based on the geographic profiles of the small businesses. The chi-square analysis will analyze differentiates of E-Commerce and Small Businesses, differentiates virtual consumer behavior from retail consumer behavior, and the level of understanding of small businesses. The multiple regressions will focus on the entrepreneurs interest in virtual store strategic management. Finally, the chapter five will describe the summary and conclusion of the research. The research will recommend the solutions for the problems of the study. Literature Review Internet Adoption Theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975), technology acceptance model (TAM) (Davis, 1989), and theory of planned behavior (TPB) (Azjen, 1991) reported as a number of studies of IT adoption. Adam et al (1992) stated that the fundamental determinants of acceptance of IT adoption consist of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and it can be widely used in the IT adoption. Perceived usefulness is a major determinant of peoples intention to use computers while perceived ease of use is a significant secondary determinant of peoples intention to use computers by competing two competing models of computer technology usage, TAM and TRA. It can conclude as peoples use of computer technology can be predicted reasonably well from their intentions. The TAM has been selected as a useful basis for starting build a model of adoption of the Internet since TAM is slightly better from an empirical point of view in the comparison of TAM and TPB (Mathieson, 1991). The researchers found that technology acceptance; reasons of using IT and behavior of using IT can derive the definition of the Internet adoption. Besides, the researchers also found the definition of Internet adoption in other context such as supply chain management. Italian firm has made adoption modalities of IT to integrate into supply chain management to make their business growth. According to Chandrashekar and Schary (1999), in order to fit the customer request, the Internet can act as an enabler in depicting the firms. The efficacy and effectiveness of reaching higher level of performance is the integration and information technology (IT) and it can be regard as the most competitive and imitable weapons (Tan, 2001). Porter (2001) stated that modification of supply chain (SC) relationships, boundaries, and mutual influence is an integral part of the Internet in firms strategy. In the former Central and Eastern European, innovation of technology has been introduced into commercial. Famous researchers such as Rogers have been workout to derive the definition of the Internet adoption from the technology innovativeness context. Everett M. Rogers (1995) was formulated the innovation adoption theory. The innovation adoption theory has been widely used in analyzing the adoption of the Internet (Wolcott et al, 2001), various Internet related applications (Black et al, 2001 Polatoglu Ekin, 2001), and software products (Karahanna et al, 1999 Kautz Larsen, 2000). Rogers (1995), regards the perceived new unit of adoption of an individual can be defined as an idea, practice, or object in term of innovation. Rogers (1995), also defined the adoption is a process that members of a society can communicated through certain channels over time. Schumpeter (1934, 1939 1942) has stated that new application of invention, discovery or new or existing knowledge as an innovati on. The innovation also can be defined as the introduction and new development of knowledge derived tools, artifacts, and devices by which people extend and interact with environment (Tornatzky Fleischer, 1990). The related technologies linked closely and innovation is a cluster of Internet adoption and banking (Rogers, 1995). The factors influence the Internet adoption because the traditional modes of communication of the firms in the transitional markets of obtaining information on foreign markets, and communicated through business partners, customers, and distributors are costly and time consuming (Nguyen Nguyen, 2001). According to Rogers (1983), the adoption is an alternative solution where the firm confronted with the problems. The organizations strategies, policies, and actions as well as beliefs, attitudes, and intentions lead to the adoption of IT (Leonard Barton Deschamps, 1995). The adoption of IT for organizations continuously collecting information about target market needs and competitors capabilities and using it to create superior customer value. It is important and valuable for market orientation of an organization (Slater Narver, 1995: 63). Organizations innovativeness on IT facilitates the market orientation so that the forming of market orientation firms could gather information on m arkets and environments (Han et al, 1998 Jaworski Kohli, 1993). Besides, Firm creating and use knowledge influences the organizational factor in learning organization (Sinkula et al, 1997). As learning environment is creates and encourages in learning oriented firms lead to the rise of adoption and implementation of new ideas, process, and products to produce innovative capacity for the firm (Hurley Hult, 1998). Learning and sharing of knowledge opportunities exist among members of learning oriented firms from individual level to organization level (Nonaka Takeuchi, 1995). Slater and Naver (1995), explained that how an organization acquire, process, and use market intelligence is a question to the ability in engagement in adapting the generative learning as a key component of organization learning orientation. The leveraging of superior learning environment is the use of all resources including the behaviors that accompany market orientation (Baker Sinkula, 1999). As stated by the above definition of Internet adoption in the supply chain management context, there are many factors contribute to affect the relationship of the Internet adoption. An easy and fast way in the process of acquiring and sharing information and the efficiency and effectiveness of improve performance are linked to the aspect of Internet adoption (Deeter-Schmeltz Norman-Kennedy,2002 Ronchi, 2003). The mistakes and time reductions and contribution to the order and stock cuts facilitate the better coordination among players of network (Akkermans et al, 2001). The enhancement of business model development providing innovation opportunities and competitive advantages challenge as well as strategic dimensions of SC design are the impact of Internet adoption (Wouters et al, 1999). The cost reductions of product management as well as cheaper and flexible of data exchange and enhancement of data standardization are the impact of IT adoption mechanism in market environment and o rganization management (Malone et al, 1987). The adoption of web based tools could enhance the integration such as EDI and as impact of product complexity (Garcia-Dastugue Lambert, 2003). The standardization and behavioral formalization such as tasks repetitiveness and recognizability was influences by the adoption of ICT (Vacca, 1990 Lomi, 1991 Lorenzoni, 1992). The standardization of SC players in coordinating and performing activities are the affects of ICT (Becker, 2004). The change and variability sourcing are the improvisational aspect of routine which is including tacit knowledge, incorporate operative and applicatory capabilities (Pentland, 2003). Colombo et al (1997) stated that the transparency of process is the free information and knowledge sharing while Winter and Taylor (1996) stated that the reduction of middle management direct communication as an enabling of ICT. On the other hand, technology innovativeness has been adopted in European markets to cater the demand of the consumers in many ways. There are many factors of adoption of technology innovativeness to serve the markets in Central and Eastern European nations. Researchers have investigated and identify the factors of commercialization innovativeness to explain the relationship of Internet adoption contributes to commercial in Ukraine and Austria. According to Dickerson and Gentry (1983), a new innovative service firm must offer increased functional performance than its predecessor can be defined as relative advantage. The primary measurement of relative advantage is assessing an innovations superiority in terms of overall convenience (Polatoglu Ekin, 2001 Tan Teo, 2000). The degree to which an innovation is perceived as relatively difficult understands and use is the definition of complexity (Rogers Shoemaker, 1971). Tornaztky and Klein (1982) stated that the lower rate of adoption means the complex the innovation is. Rogers (1995) defined the compatibility as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as consistent with existing values, past experiences, and the needs of potential adopters. De Ruyter et al (2001) also stated that compatibility is consistent with existing consumer affect, cognition, and behavior. Some researchers also found that consumer perceived risk post as important factors to the ICT adoption (Eastlick Lotz, 1999 Hansen, 2005 Polatoglu Ekin, 2001 Tan Teo, 2000). Relative Advantage Rogers (1995) defined relative advantage as the degree to which an innovation is seen as superior to existing practice. In the competition context, there is another definition for seeing innovation as superior to existing practice. According to Day (1984) and Porter (1987), the competitive advantage can be seen as the objective of the strategy and the result of the competitive advantage is superior performance. The derivations of competitive advantage are from numerous

VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA: DO WE REALLY CARE? :: essays research papers

The TV is designed to show images more than to go deeply into the information, where the written press takes the baton because it is a way for nature reflexively: the reading. The radio, in turn, has the gift of entertaining and to make reflect because of being a way that is transmitted, in general, live and that does not need the whole attention of the listener. The opposite thing happens in the television which audience is attracted by the magnets of the explosions, the fire, the pursuit, the shots, this means: scenes full of violence... it is enough to see to raise the "rating" of the newscasters when there are brutal notes compared with the information of the long speeches in political discussions considered boring because the image stays static in a certain speaker and lacks of dynamism. The TV is a way for the action, not the reflection. It is done to optimize the entertainment, it means, to be relaxing and to manipulate, not to think, not even to grow... This leads us to the following questions: Is the people who asks for violence?, or with what purpose the media offers it? The climate of hostility has been intensified?, or it is a faithful reflex of a social decomposition due to the unemployment, the shortage of money and the radical political changes through which the nations cross? Nobody knows the answers of these questions, but the television stays as the only window opened a world supposedly better. The addiction to the TV and the lack of communication in home prohibit the people the balanced development of their capability to have relationships and the acquisition of qualities as the ease, the good deal, the affability, the comity; the nobleness in the males and the thin sensibility in the women. The people who remain a lot of time in front of an electronic equipment, the TV or a computer, lose the necessary talents to be with other human beings and those people who shelter and construct themselves a perspective of the world across the television world, have much more hostile vision of the reality. For this reason, they behave with more hostility and less solidarity. The viewer has the trend to increase consuming and every time worse. He prefers being isolated; each one looks at the TV in his/her own place: father, mother, son and daughter.

Admission to the Masters of Accounting Program at the College

I have faced a number of knotty situations in life. On one occasion, I was working with the ADA or the American Diabetes Association. We worked as two groups and our principal task was to count and reconcile the checks, cash and credit card donations, which used to arrive in large quantities. One day an older man joined our team. Then our troubles started. Till that time we had worked without any mutual misgivings or bickering. With the advent of this person, our time schedules and procedures went haywire. I studied the situation and realized that all this was due to his reluctance to follow the established procedure.Every one, in both the groups, was compelled to go home late, due to this person’s obduracy. All felt that he should be suitably reprimanded, but no one was willing to undertake this unpleasant task. The question that was foremost on every one’s mind was ‘who would bell the cat?’ I jumped into the fray and gently but firmly convinced him that w hat he was doing was unacceptable. He was happy with this way of communication, because I had talked to him in private, so that his pride was not hurt. This had the desired effect and we were able to complete the work in time.In addition, I was also the secretary of the African Cultural Society. I was instrumental in planning and implementing the IREP Africa program at the College of William & Mary. This task entailed coordination between and interaction with a number of fellow students, faculty and departments. I emerged much stronger as a coordinator, facilitator and administrator after this novel experience. The professed objective of this program was to unite African student organizations in Virginia and to improve their relations with each other.   I actively participated in several campaigns to raise funds for the underprivileged in Africa and one of them was in respect of poverty stricken women of Uganda.A successful and efficient accountant is one who is reliable, thorough , ingenious, a seeker of solutions, well organized and performance oriented. Of these the most important is trustworthiness, because accountants, in addition to their usual work, have to offer reliable advice regarding the conduct of business in the present day economic and legal context. Moreover, if accounting standards are not adhered to, then the company stands the risk of having to close down. The Sarbanes Oxley Act was enacted in the year 2002, in order to deal with such eventualities.Another important trait of an accountant is attention to detail. I possess this in ample measure. This fact was disclosed in my tenure as the treasurer of the African Cultural Society, between the years 2006 to 2007; and as the Vice President of the Syndicate. In these tasks, I maintained authentic and comprehensive financial records. I reviewed the internal financial controls and ensured that the organization’s moneys were safe. This club has a number of advantages and I took up aggressiv e marketing to ensure that its membership increased.The lack of ethical and moral accounting practices in business organizations results in financial frauds. This was clearly established in the following cases.In the year 2001, Enron announced a net loss of $ 618 million for its third quarter and that it would reduce the shareholders’ equity by $ 1.2 billion. The SEC immediately stepped in and demanded financial information from Enron. The Enron team of Auditor’s lead by their leader Anderson systematically destroyed a large number of financial documents. Subsequently, the Enron officials and its auditors were charged and convicted of fraud.This company had engaged in malpractices relating to financial accounting, with the result that the company became bankrupt. To conceal its malafide practices, this company indulged in complicated accounting practices. This illustrates the fact that accounting has to be ethical, transparent and morally upright. The consequence of th e Enron case was that the law relating to accountancy was made more stringent. However, more than even legislation; personal attitude, morality and ethical behavior should have greater influence.WorldCom was another company, which also attempted to camouflage its fraudulent activities by resorting to fudging of figures and falsification of financial reports. The procedure adopted by its accountants was less sophisticated than that of the Enron team; nevertheless, it committed a much greater fraud than Enron. However, these cases were not isolated incidents and proved to be merely the tip of the iceberg. Several more such fraudulent corporations were investigated by the Federal and state regulators. The principal among these are Adelphia, HealthSouth and Tyco, to name a few.I have a flair for leadership and I often volunteer to lead in various academic projects. Recently, I took over the reins of project, involving the formulation of a business plan to be presented to the board of di rectors. This project emerged as a huge success, despite the difficulties encountered, due to having to lead a team of peers. The team comprised of persons with different temperaments and it required a lot of innovativeness and ingenuity to extract the best from them.I have tremendous patience, as can be attested to by the students of the second grade, whom I teach as a volunteer teacher in the Waller Mill Elementary school, in Williamsburg. The foregoing incidents from my life reveal that I possess a high level of integrity, reliability, planning and implementing capacity, motivational skills, inspiration, ability to work in a team and patience.What are you hoping to achieve during your studies in the MAcc Program?  I will complete my Bachelor’s degree in accounting by the month of May, 2008. Subsequently, I intend to pursue the Masters of Accounting Program at the College of William and Mary's School of Business. This course is truly outstanding and the faculty is the thi rd best in the nation. Classes are typically small and informal. The emphasis is on acquiring expertise. The faculty is easily accessible, if one wants to clarify doubts. In conjunction with my considerable management and leadership skills, this knowledge in accountancy will render me highly suitable for obtaining the Certified Public Accountant license. My principal objective is to become a CPA.

Quizlet Essay Example

Quizlet Essay Example Quizlet Paper Quizlet Paper Group of atoms that link together and have the same function Examples of national groups hydroxyl, carbonyl, amino, phosphate, slothfully what is an isomer? Give two examples of isomers.. When a chemical formula is the same but arrangement is different. Ex. ) Structural isomer or Optical isomer what is the difference between structural or optical isomer? Structural is when it is based on bonds and arrangement while Optical is when a carbon atom has 4 different atoms attached to it , making it have two ways to fit inside . Like a mirror what percent of living tissue is water? List of most to least used sentences in tissue 1 . ) water 2. ) protein 3. )Nucleic acid 4. Carbon hydrates 5. ) lipids What is condensation reaction? Is a chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a bigger molecule. An example of this would be how monomers form polymers. In this process, water is lost. Think of it like this : It takes energy to combine two molecules. Its kind of like exercising. After exercising, you have lost a lot of calories(energy) and you are very tired. You are very thirst Water is lost in condensation reaction. What happens during a hydrolysis reaction? This is the opposite of a condensation reaction. This is when a big molecule is broken own into smaller molecules. An example would be to break down a polymer to monomers. Just as it is stated in name, hydrolists Water is added. What are 7 functions of proteins? 1 . ) acts as enzymes 2. )defending the body 3. ) regulating physiology(hormones) 4. ) cell signaling 5. ) structure support 6. ) transportation 7. )regulating gene expression Proteins dont perform what function? They dont store energy or information What makes up proteins? Amino acids What is a polypeptide? Amino acids go through a condensation reaction in order to form for chains(polypeptides) What 5 things do amino acids contain? . ) Alpha Carbon 2. ) Hydrogen 3. )Amino Group(always the same, Unionizes with Carbonyl) 4. )Carbonyl Group(always the same, unionizes with Amino) 5. )R group(gives identity to amino acid) What 4 categories can an amino acid be characterized due to its side chain(R)? 1 . ) charged hydrophilic 2. ) uncharged polar(H bonds)(hydrophilic) 3. ) Monopole hydrophobic 4. ) Special cases(hydrophobic) What do disulfide bridges do? They tell the structure of a proteins. What amino acids form a disulfide bridge?

Biography of James Naismith, Inventor of Basketball

Biography of James Naismith, Inventor of Basketball James Naismith (November 6, 1861–November 28, 1939) was a Canadian sports coach who, in December of 1891, took a soccer ball and a peach basket into the gym at the Springfield, Massachusetts YMCA and invented basketball. Over the course of the next decade, he worked to refine the game and its rules and build its popularity. In 1936, basketball had become an official event at the Olympic Games in Berlin. Fast Facts: James Naismith Known For: Inventor of the game of basketballBorn: November 6, 1861 in Almonte, Ontario,  Province of CanadaParents: John Naismith, Margaret YoungDied: November 28, 1939 in Lawrence, KansasEducation: McGill University, Presbyterian College, YMCA Training School, Gross Medical College (M.D.)Published Works: A Modern College  in 1911;  Essence of a Healthy Life  in 1918; Basketball  - its Origins and Development in 1941 (posthumous)Awards and Honors:  Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, McGill University Sports Hall of Fame, Basketball Hall of FameSpouse(s): Maude Evelyn Sherman, Florence B. KincaidChildren: Margaret Mason (Stanley), Helen Carolyn (Dodd), John Edwin, Maude Ann (Dawe), and James ShermanNotable Quote: The invention of basketball was not an accident. It was developed to meet a need. Those boys simply would not play Drop the Handkerchief. Early Life James Naismith was born in Ramsay township near Ontario, Canada in 1861. It was during his childhood years that he developed a love of sports and learned to play a neighborhood game called Duck on a Rock, which later influenced the development of basketball. According to the Naismith Basketball Foundation: Duck on a Rock which was a game that combined tag with throwing. Players formed a line from a distance of 15-20 feet from the base stone. Each player used a fist-sized stone. The object was to dislodge the â€Å"guards† stone from the top of the base stone, by throwing, taking turns. The guard would be positioned in a neutral area away from the thrower. If one succeeded, they would go to the back of the line. If you missed the guards’ stone, the â€Å"chase† would be on and if tagged before the stone was recovered, the players would trade places. Over time, they discovered that if the stone was hurled like a baseball it would bound far away and increase the likelihood of being caught by the guard. The players developed a lobbed arcing shot that proved to be more controllable, more accurate, and less likely to bounce away, thus increasing their chance of retrieval. As a young man, Naismith attended McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, followed by theological training at Presbyterian College. After serving as McGills athletic director, Naismith moved on to work at the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. Invention of Basketball At the YMCA Training School, athletes found themselves at loose ends between the end of the football season and the start of the baseball season. Several trainers were asked to develop a sport to keep students physically active during the down season; the new game was to have two stated objectives: â€Å"make it fair for all players, and free of rough play. After considering the balls and rules of play for several popular sports including rugby, lacrosse, football, and soccer, Naismith developed a basic game that involved throwing a soccer ball into peach baskets. The larger soccer ball, he felt, would slow down play to avoid collisions. After a few experiments with the game, Naismith realized that rough play was inevitable near the goals and that players carrying the ball would be tackled. He also placed the goals overhead, and opened the bottom of the nets to allow the ball to drop out; in addition, remembering his childhood experience with Duck on a Rock, he developed a new kind of lobbing toss for the game. Ultimately, he established 13 basic rules for the new game he dubbed basketball: The Ball may be thrown in any direction by one or both hands.The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist).A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for the man who catches the ball when running if he tries to stop.The ball must be held by the hands; the arms or body must not be used for holding it.No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of the rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole game, no substitute allowed.A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of rules 3, 4, and such as described in rule 5.If either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantim e making a foul). A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if he holds it longer it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that team.The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to rule 5The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of the goals, with any other duties that are usually performed by the referee. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with 5 minutes rest between.The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw, the game may be by mutual agreement, be continued until another goal is made. First College Basketball Game Following his time at the YMCA, Naismith went on to work for the University of Kansas, initially as a chaplain. At that time, basketball was played at the college level, but competition was usually between YMCAs. It was Naismith and other Kansas coaches who helped push the game into greater prominence, though Naismith himself did not seek the spotlight. The first-ever college basketball game was played on January 18, 1896.  On that day, the University of Iowa invited student-athletes from the new University of Chicago for an experimental game. The final score was Chicago 15, Iowa 12. Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in  1904  and as an official event at the  1936 Summer Olympics  in  Berlin, as well as the birth of the  National Invitation Tournament in 1938 and the  NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship in 1939. College basketball games were first broadcast on national TV in 1963, but it wasnt until the 1980s that sports fans ranked basketball as high as football and baseball. Death James Naismith died of a brain hemorrhage in 1939 and was interred at Memorial Park Cemetery in  Lawrence, Kansas. Legacy The  Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame  in  Springfield, Massachusetts, is named in his honor. He was an inaugural inductee in 1959. The  National Collegiate Athletic Association also rewards its top players and coaches annually with the  Naismith Awards, which includes the  Naismith College Player of the Year, the  Naismith College Coach of the Year,  and the  Naismith Prep Player of the Year. Naismith was also inducted into the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, the  Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, the  Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the  Ontario Sports Hall of Fame, the Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame, the  McGill University  Sports Hall of Fame, the Kansas State Sports Hall of Fame, and the FIBA Hall of Fame.   Naismiths hometown of Almonte, Ontario hosts an annual 3-on-3 tournament for all ages and skill levels in his honor. Every year, this event attracts hundreds of participants and involves over 20 half-court games along the main street of the town.   Sources â€Å"Dr. James Naismiths Life.†Ã‚  Naismith Basketball Foundation, 13 Nov. 2014.Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"James Naismith.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 1 Feb. 2019.

Critically assess Wildavksy's theory of the two presidencies (one Essay

Critically assess Wildavksy's theory of the two presidencies (one foreign and one domestic) with reference to at least two spe - Essay Example However, in their domestic and foreign policies, they differed tremendously in goals, strategies, and focuses. Each president faced a different world: President Kennedy encountered a nation in the 1960s in which the United States had to defend itself against the threat of nuclear annihilation and the plague of Communism whereas President Obama faced a society in 2009 ravaged with its worst economic crisis and financial uncertainty in its history. In selecting the inaugural speeches of these two prominent presidents, this paper will analyze Wildavsky’s dual presidency theory, looking both at their domestic and foreign policies. Analysis of the Presidency of John F. Kennedy (1961) The 1960s ushered in an era in American history that would greatly challenge its citizens, who would question on every level the very foundations of the United States. It was a nation that had safeguarded its preeminent position since World War II as the greatest country in the world, which rivaled in power and influence the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R). The nation gladly embraced, with open arms and excited anticipation, the election of the energetic and charismatic Catholic senator as their new president, who made them feel young and vibrant and embodied the best hopes of Americans to maintain their national and international preeminence. President Kennedy sought for the United States to assume its global mission of being the leader of the free world and human rights (Whitehouse 2011). In his inaugural speech (See Appendix I) of 1961, President John F. Kennedy, who became the thirty-fifth president of the United States, articulated the fundamental issues and policies that his administration would address during his presidency. His speech embodied three major themes: 1). conciliatory tone, 2). emphasis on foreign issues/policies, 3). patriotic/nationalistic ideals. Analysis of the Inaugural Speech of President John F. Kennedy (1961) The first chief theme of the speech of President Kennedy reflected his conciliatory tone. Employing very effective rhetorical language, he uses conciliatory verbs, such as â€Å"pledge† (which he used over and over again) in his masterpiece. He cites the verb â€Å"pledge† eight times throughout his speech. What message is he trying to convey to his audience by constantly using the verb â€Å"pledge†? â€Å"Pledge† meant to commit strongly to a cause, place, ideal, nation, person, organization, etc. As a promise, vow, or oath, the verb, â€Å"pledge,† represented a word loaded with connotative and denotative meanings. Even the American anthem used the word â€Å"pledge† in its opening sentence, i.e. â€Å"we pledge allegiance to †¦Ã¢â‚¬  President Kennedy employs this rhetorical device to evoke- among his fellow Americans- the sentiments of nationalism and patriotism to the nation. Moreover, by expressing himself with the word â€Å"pledge,† he also shows his conciliatory tone in his speech. What is he pledging to his people? He pledges to maintain a free nation and world. He also employs other mild and conciliatory verbs throughout his speech, for instance, â€Å"ask,† â€Å"explore,† â€Å"begin,† â€Å"offer,† â€Å"formulate,† â€Å"seek,† â€Å"unite,† â€Å"join,† etc. (Kennedy, 1961, pp. 1-3). Why did President Kennedy adopt this conciliatory rhetorical devices