Cloning of Animals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cloning of Animals - Assignment Example This somatic cell is from the genetic donor. This is a process where â€Å"the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg† or an egg whose nucleus is removed in order to remove the female’s DNA. This female is the egg donor. These bad results of cloning like the oversized heads and the twisted limbs are due to the epigenetics problem. This is the â€Å"control of gene expression (specifically transcription), that is not dependent on DNA base sequence.† This means that SCNT, or somatic cell nuclear transfer, produces the epigenetic error. Why? (READ THE CAUSES): The same technology is used, of course. Those animals that are born alive from the SCNT process are processed as food. So far, cows, pigs and sheep are used as food. But cloned animals for food are not that practical. Why ? Because there are 3 basic problems with this: Second, (READ), Well, this is something we cannot change. Muslims can never eat pork and Hindus will never eat beef, whether cloned or natural. And Fundamental Christians are always against cloning, and they are assumed not to like cloned food. Third, (READ), and now you can imagine the cost of cloning to the government and this cost will be passed on to the taxpayers, and that’s US! I certainly don’t want to pay higher taxes just for people to eat beef from cloned cows or cloned fried chicken. 3. Third, (READ), this means that perhaps cloned food is delicious today and it seems healthy, but we don’t know what will happen later in life. This cloned food might damage the human body in the long run, and the chemicals in cloned food may cause various diseases. More research therefore is

My views on the future Essay Example for Free

My views on the future Essay This paper presents a concise overview of my views on the future. My personal vision will be based on current socio-economic trends being exhibited within my surroundings, lifestyle trends, individuality and community. Lastly, the vision being presented in the succeeding text will be explained as to why it is necessary for this vision to be actualized. This paper is focused on my vision for my country of origin. It is my firm belief that my countrymen would not give up on their country and my countrymen have the capacity and will build an empowered country. This can be achieved by a continued commitment of everyone’s collective genius, passion and strength in accordance to being able to put to order the dignity and actualize the potential of the poor and powerless for excellence (â€Å"Thinking About the Future†). This is based on the fact that everyone’s spirit as a nation is rising and is becoming strong again. It has been discovered by every man woman and child that is part of this my country has the capacity to liberate himself/herself from the shackles of the past, the label that has hounded them for generations, and the mark of a third world country stamped all over the nation. They have the capacity to become law abiding, truly hardworking, honest and excellent in everything that they commit themselves to do. My country can have a sustainable environment and can constitute a firm foundation for the future of this nation. We can further our capacity to provide dignity to most of our countrymen in the future. It is my personal vision that our country can provide equal opportunity to all of our countrymen, thus providing them with the capacity to empower themselves and give them more choices in life. It is a proven fact that the writer’s countrymen are not known for their laziness. T has been identified that when compared to other ethnic group in other countries. Their determination in order to achieve financial stability in other countries can be seen in their ability to do seemingly impossible tasks such as taking two and even three jobs at a given period. My countrymen are tough tested, they are hardworking when they are highly motivated, they resilient when they are tested (â€Å"Key Social and Political Trends†). We have to believe that our country is destined for greatness and that they deserve more than what is currently being accorded to them. We must believe that we were designed for excellence. All around the world, doctors from my country heal the sick. The seamen originating from my country continually dominate the seas in whatever mode of marine transport – either for commerce or for pleasure. Even in the thriving economies carry the mark of my countrymen bearing the managerial expertise for the international corporations (â€Å"Thinking About the Future†). On the other hand, although we are top of the line, creme de la creme and can be considered as the best of the best in other parts of the world however it is exactly the opposite in the my homeland. But even as Globalization has created venues where the most promising of my countrymen are given the opportunity to grow, large majorities are still left behind (â€Å"Ideas about Manipulating Nature†). If the country can ever be rescued from this perpetual poverty and plight, it is important for everyone to stop this inanity and hypocrisy. This country should step up and stop cracking jokes about the perpetual shame and misery our countrymen have continually experienced and endured. Instead of what was previously mentioned, our countrymen should be able to celebrate with our hard work and integrity the coming return of our country’s dignity and our country’s honor and pride as a gifted people, blessed by God with this blessed and bountiful country. This country and its countrymen should be able to honor each and every honorable and nationalist deed, every heartfelt and unselfish sacrifice, and every uncompromising kindness that this country’s populace has given to our brethren that are disadvantaged and are in need of support and companionship (â€Å"Thinking About the Future†). It is important then to finish once and for all this on going lamentation. The country and its people have undergone so much suffering for as long as all of our countrymen can remember. For more than a four centuries this country has been clenching its teeth for change, always blaming each other, bringing each other down in order to progress their selfish vendettas and more than that continued to point God as the main reason for all the country’s problems and tribulations (â€Å"Key Social and Political Trends†). Now is the time for this country’s people to focus on collaborative work, unity and collective effort into bringing this nation back on its feet. It is true that there is a capacity for this nation to rise up once again if there is a continued option for this nation’s people to nurture this emerging spirit or renewed faith and resilience. In order to do so, this country can show love by being able to express their love for the almighty by being able to provide the necessary support for our countrymen. This kind of paradigm shift is mainly about being able to provide the necessary love and justice to provide in a country that a strong majority of this country’s population have no proper shelter and millions more are living in artificial homes – shanties where they face hunger and are exposed to disease on a daily basis. Corruption is rife within the government and even with corporations, the environment has yet to reach a point of sustainability that can ensure a brighter and sustainable environment for our future(â€Å"Key Social and Political Trends†). This country would be able to break from its bondage of this current paradigm if we have a collective Unitarian line of thought, if we see our children as heir to their own riches but in actuality are the heirs of our country’s present and future. It is only with a shift in mindset that people consider the poor as their own, they are able to see Christ’s being within each and everyone and within their family and see a potential for heaven on earth for every of our countrymen that can be emancipated from this current paradigm (â€Å"Lifestyle Trends†). The vision for the future looks bright as people are given proper homes, sustainable environments to support their daily needs, and communities where they can live in, they are given the proper dignity that they deserve and provide a spark within them in that can be used as a jumping point for other initiatives for progress and a change in lifestyle amongst the people. Confidence and self-respect of our countrymen that are given the appropriate shelter and homes are returned and is increased dramatically (â€Å"Lifestyle Trends†). Their initiative to do more and legal jobs and roles are increased and they have a generally positive look towards the future. The desire of our countrymen to have more legal and equivalent lifestyles is equally amazing. It is clear that the spirit of the poor will be continually rising because of the reason that all of us consider everyone part of a larger chain and that everyone is acknowledged as an equal – no rich, no poor, everyone is given the dignity they deserve (â€Å"Key Social and Political Trends†). Everyone is given a chance to live as humans. More than just houses, medical groups are also on the move in creating not just houses but at the same time hospitals and medical centers available to all and those that do not have direct access to medical services. This kind of love for our country has already spread throughout the world due to our countrymen overseas. It is with this that we can utilize effectively globalization and technology to bring our countrymen working overseas home closer. Our countrymen that are working abroad are now starting to deliver a stream of financial support that will further augment further our current economic standing. All the signs of development are evident and are happening now. Christians around the communities of our country’s Moslem groups have set aside their inhibitions and misconceptions and initiated community development projects with our Moslem brethren for unity and collective effort. Students of our colleges and universities are going out of the classrooms to learn about life and what â€Å"Love for God and Country† really means as it is applied in our nation (â€Å"Lifestyle Trends†). Local government units are already hard at work in conducting massive infrastructure projects in unison with other Filipinos, rich or poor, Christian or Moslem in order to further stem out the impaling poverty that has racked this nation for a better half of its history (â€Å"Ideas about Manipulating Nature†). The youth today have a greater responsibility in this. It is my vision for the youth of today to take up the call of nation-building. The youth of today have the option and the opportunity ready for the taking in order to correct the mistakes that were done by the previous generations. They have the opportunity in order to build a far better future that is full of hope for this country. They can be neophyte political leaders that can break the seemingly perpetual graft and corruption that has plagued our nation and can gain support from the people. The youth of today can be tomorrow’s business leaders that create profit by using their conscience and their faith in God as their basis for doing business, they can provide jobs to the needy yet experienced and give them the opportunities for further development that they deserve. I believe that we as a nation and its countrymen have compromised our core values shamed our fallen heroes and have continually tolerated the incompetence of our corrupt leaders long enough. We have compromised our ethical values based on a religion that does not consider compromise as part of its religion. This country has lowered tremendously its standards and has continually seen poverty and gave it a blind eye. This country has lost its grip over its future and its people have started to choose despair over hope. It is my vision that my countrymen can stand up and fight. It is my personal vision that my countrymen should be able to confront this country’s enemies, tangible or intangible, foreign or domestic, regardless of the odds. I believe in a future that can further provide a venue for a sustainable environment for us and for our future. In addition, I believe that with the current socio-economic trend, we can be able to fully maximize and optimize the spread of Globalization throughout the world (â€Å"Ideas about Manipulating Nature†). Lastly I believe in the vision that the youth of today are the generation of patriots that will be able to stop this country’s uncontrollable spin towards poverty and corruption and bring it back to its feet, and breathe life and reinvigorate this once illustrious nation and bring back the pride of its countrymen. REFERENCES: Thinking About the Future, (n. d. ), University of Maryland University College Key Social and Political Trends, (n. d. ), University of Maryland University College. Lifestyle Trends: Individual and Community (n. d. ), University of Maryland University College. Ideas about Manipulating Nature (n. d. ), University of Maryland University College Key Social and Political Trends (n. d. ), University of Maryland University College

The Critical Legal Studies Movement

The Critical Legal Studies Movement The Critical Legal Studies (CLS) movement came to the fore in the United States (US) in the 1970s. This movement is a body of like-minded thinkers who claim to attack the virtues that they say are proclaimed by the liberal legal system. It is a radical theoretical movement which rejects the distinction between law and politics and the notion that law can be neutral and value free. The movement proposes the integration of law and social theory. Since the Critical Legal Studies movement is relatively new, its value as a theory of law is still being assessed, but despite its continual development it has given much of interest to thinking about the law. Indeed, like other sceptical theories it may undermine the coherent world of law which legal academics and practitioners tend to portray. In Britain, the Critical Legal Conference was formed in 1984.  [1]   Although CLS has been largely a US movement, it was influenced to a great extent by European philosophers, such as nineteenth-century German social theorists Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Max Weber; Max Horkheimer and Harberd Marcuse of the Frankfrut School German social philosophy; the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci; and poststructuralist French thinkers Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida, representing respectively fields of history and literary theory. CLS has borrowed heavily from legal realism, the school of legal thought that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. Like CLS scholars, legal realists rebelled against accepted legal theories of the day and urged more attention to the social context of the law. Among noted CLS scholars Roberto Mangabeira Unger, Robert W. Gordon, Mark Kelman, Peter Gabel, Morton J. Horwitz, Dunkan Kennedy and Katherine A. Mackinnon.  [2]   The founders of CLS found a yawning absence at the level of theory, fundamentally convinced that law and politics could not be separated. How could law be so tilted to favour the powerful, given the prevailing explanations of law as either democratically chosen or the result of impartial judicial reasoning from neutral principles? Yet how could law be a tool for social change, in the face of Marxist explanations of law as mere epiphenomenal outgrowths of the interests of the powerful? CLS scholars have influenced try to explain both why legal principles and doctrines do not yield determinate answers to specific disputes and how legal decisions reflect cultural and political values that shift over time. They focused from the start on the ways that law contributed to illegitimate social hierarchies, producing domination of women by men, nonwhites by whites, and the poor by the wealthy. They claim that apparently neutral language and institutions, operated through law, mask relationship s of power and control. The emphasis on individualism within the law similarly hides patterns of power relationships while making it more difficult to summon up a sense of community and human interconnection. Joining in their assault on these dimensions of law, CLS scholars have differed considerably in their particular methods and views.  [3]   One of the characteristic of CSL is that it has been rejected formalism. Formalism has tended to be the fall back position of liberal legal thinking when forced to confront the question: how can a legal system give the kinds of neutral decisions expected of it. Formalists, as CLS characterise them,  [4]  circumvent this problem by insisting that the judge is not imposing his or anyone elses values but merely interpreting the words of the law. By separating core and penumbra Hart could be taken to admit the problem by his indulgence that the judge had to have recourse to discretion in interpreting the penumbra of legal rules. CLS theorists also share the related view that the law is indeterminate. They have shown that using standard legal arguments, it is possible to reach sharply contrasting conclusions in individual cases. The conclusions reached in any case will have more to do with the social context in which they are argued and decided than with any overarching scheme of legal reasoning. Moreover, CLS scholars argue that the esoteric and convoluted nature of legal reasoning actually screens the laws indeterminacy. They have used the ideas of deconstruction to explore the ways in which legal texts are open to multiple interpretations. The CLS thesis refutes the claim that traditional legal scholarship produces rules and principles of law which guide human behaviour. Both legal formalism and positivism, which look upon law as a system of rules which are rationally made, are repudiated. Traditional legal scholarship treats the law as objective and neutral. The CLS claims that law can not be objective because human and social realities always manifest themselves in the legal discourses. Roberto Mangabeira Unger, who teaches at Harvard Law School and is widely regarded as the intellectual leader of the movement, now offers the public a short manifesto he describes as more a proposal than a description. It is an ambitious and impressive undertaking. It also defies summation. It is a carefully crafted statement with ideas interlocked like a chain-link fence that stretches as far as the eye can see. And the full purport of his message can only be appreciated by an attentive reading. Even so, five themes seem central to his argument. There were two distinct stages in the role of law in western societies before the modern era. First it served to establish and defend social hierarchies and social class divisions. Toward the end of the 18th century, however, it was put to the revolutionary task of protecting rights of individuals irrespective of their social rank or class. In this country the founding fathers relied on democracy (created by our public law, the Constitution) and the market (fostered by private law, notably contract) to give form and limits to those rights.  [5]   By the 20th century the context in which American law operated had drastically changed. Social arrangements sanctioned by law had come to include an array of hierarchies of economic power and pernicious social distinctions protected as rights by the very legal system created to establish individual freedom and equality. The politics of democracy and the blind forces of the market proved woefully inadequate to govern a society increasingly dominated by modern science and technology. Hence there is a compelling need to restructure our social order to make it compatible with freedom and equality. The way to accomplish this reconstruction, according to Roberto M. Unger, is not through classical revolution of the kind Marx advocated, brought about by an alliance between disaffected elites and the downtrodden. Rather law must be reinvented to give it a revolutionary new purpose: to lead the dismantling of the various hierarchies of power and privilege that through perversions of the legal process have come to threaten the higher values of our society.  [6]  Of property law, he says that it has its own inbuilt legal market which is a constitutional interest with its own legal structure in a democracy. According to him, the situation is fraught with ambiguity and indeterminacy, because of the abstract nature of the concept of rights. With respect to contract law, Unger explains that contract law allows freedom to contract, but that this is promptly contradicted by other principles which say that people can only bind themselves in contract for what the law allows. Unger present s an argument on formalism which states that every doctrine relies on some view of human associations which are right and realistic in social life. The lawyer needs a theory as his guiding vision, which prevents him from seeing legal reasoning as a game of analogies. To Unger, reliance on analogies leads to analogy-mongering, and this must stop. He claims that this received wisdom is challengeable as wrong, and to do this one should rely on a normative theory of a branch of law supplied by the CLS. This is Ungers deviation doctrine, which embellishes the CLSs nihilistic view of law. Mark G. Kelman examines the importance to criminal law of the stage that precedes legal analysis. His argument is that legal argument has two phases: interpretive construction and rational rhetoricism, and that the former, a vital step which undercuts the authority of the latter, goes virtually unexamined.  [7]  For example, the result of a case may depend on weather the defendants act is set in a board or narrow time frame. This issue has come to a head with a series of cases where battered women have murdered their husbands and the scope of the provocation defence has been tested.  [8]  If a broad time frame as been used she may have defences of provocation, even self-defence; in a narrow time frame she has committed murder. There is no meta-theory to determine the appropriate time frame; the decision accordingly is unreasonable. There are some techniques which the CLS have deployed in analyzing legal texts, namely Trashing, Deconstruction, Genealogy, etc. Leading CLS scholar Mark G. Kelman defends trashing against mainstream academic critics, claiming that the discrediting of accepted legal argument is good According to him the most frequently recurring theme in the attacks on our technique, the more-or-less hysterical counter-Revolution against Trashing. It is abundantly apparent that the vast preponderance of mainstream American legal academics were told (repeatedly) by their moms and dads, If you dont have anything nice or constructive to say, say nothing at all.  [9]   Again he stated that law-and-economics studies of private law rules have not actually analyzed the concrete implications of rule choices on particular occasions, pretensions of policy relevance to the contrary. Instead, they have again and again simply derived apologies for existing arrangements from a highly general and theoretical economic vision. There are two politically central insights of mainstream private law and economics scholarship: (1) In situations involving strangres (where markets cannot work because of transaction costs), proper legal rules that establish implicit fees for harming others can be applied to concrete cases so that parties who interact to create a joint cost will take all cost-justified, damage-averting precautions; and (2) in situations involving those in contractual relationships, competitive markets function in such a way that buyers inevitably get whatever they desire at the lowest possible price a [*308] price that is the sum of the production cost of the desired good and a normal profit sufficient to prevent industry exit. One goal, if not an inevitable effect, of trashing is to destabilize a variety of theoretical world views (and thus, one would hope, related [*328] commonsense world views) that imply the beneficence or inexorability of social life as we see it. Of course, asserting that there must be a causal connection between the high-level apologetics of the intelligentsia and the everyday mediating political ideals that help us organize and make sense of daily interactions would be patently ridiculous. But one can discern at least a close family resemblance between elaborate, mandarin apologetics and the more ordinary, complacency-inducing, commonsensical bits of wisdom without straining credulity.  [10]   According to Robert Gordon Decontruction is one of the CLS techniques best work is a familiar work kind of left-wing scholarship, unmasking the often unconscious ideological bias behind legal structures and procedures, which regularly makes it easy for business groups to organise collectively to pursue their economic and political interests but which makes it much more difficult for labour, poor people, civil rights groups to pursue theirs.  [11]   CLS claims that mainstream legal thought acts to reify; it does this by translating social practices into things. For example, the relation between employer and employee brings about a range of consequences and expectations for both parties. The terms confirm or foster an implicit hierarchy; both employer and employee will expect the latter to follow instructions and generally defer to the former. Another way to heighten awareness of the transitory, problematic, and manipulable ways legal discourses divide the world is to write their history under the Genealogy technique. Some critics charge that CLS work hampers progressive political movements by challenging the idea of the subject and human agency. Others view CLS work as unimportant or failing because of inadequate development of specific policies, strategies, or constructive direction. CLS is faulted for implying that simply changing how people think about law will change power relationships or constraints on social change, although a fair reading indicates that Crits simply treat changes in thought as a necessary but insufficient step for social change. Feminists and Critical Race Theorists object that conventional critical legal studies employ a critique of rights that neglects the concrete role of rights talk in the mobilization of oppressed and disadvantaged people. Robert Gordon has responded with a warning that even such mobilization efforts must be done with an experimental air and full knowledge that there are no deeper logics of historical necessity that can guarantee that what we do now will be justified later. Total Word Count: 2110.

Bruce Lee info Essay examples -- essays research papers

What is Jeet Kune Do? Simply put, it's English translation is "way of the intercepting fist." Bruce studies all types of fighting from American Boxing to Thai Kickboxing. His simple philosophy was rather than block a punch and hit back with two distinct motions, why not intercept and hit in one, fluid stroke. Fluidity was the ideal. "Try and obtain a nicely-tied package of water," Bruce would taunt. "Just like water, we must keep moving on," Inosanto reitterates. "For once water stops, it becomes stagnant." Water, Bruce would always give as an example, is the toughtest thing on Earth. It is virtually indestructable; it is soft, yet it can tear rocks apart. Move like water. Bruce dissected rigid classical disciplines and rebuilt them with fluid, po-mo improvements. "It's good but it needs restructuring," he would say. Classical techniques did not take into account the reality of street fighting. Jeet Kune Do did. It was pragmatic, reality-based, empirical- not a bunch of stances, postures and mumbo jumbo handed down from antiquity. Bruce utilized all ways but was bound by none. "Efficiency is anything that scores." Â · What happened with the Martial Arts movie industry after the death of Bruce Lee? After Bruce's death, the Martial Arts movie industry boomed, hundreds of look-alike Bruce's began to try out to make Martial Arts movies. They even used similar names, like Bruce Le, and Bruce L...

Health Prevention of Heart Disease for Plano Texas Essay

Due to the increase risk for Heart disease in Plano, the population is Risk for developing Hypertension which in turn could result in decreased cardiac output, activity intolerance, imbalanced nutrition by taking more than body requirements, and a learning deficient in regarding condition, treatment plan to include, diet, exercise, follow up, Untreated Hypertension potentially puts them at risk for Congestive heart failure, angina, or myocardial infarction. These in turn can result in severe pain, decreased cardiac output, ineffective tissue perfusion, and again a learning deficient in regard to condition, treatment plan and self-care after discharge. Development of any of the above puts the patient at risk for potential anxiety and depression which may be a result of changes in role, particularly for the male bread winner, thus resulting in a threat or change in socioeconomic status, changes in environment and routines or threat or perceived threat to self-concept and Interpersonal conflicts. In assessing readiness to learn in Plano, Texas it is important to note over 53% of adults have a bachelor’s degree or higher (more than twice the national average) (Demographics). This population is in a better place to absorb knowledge. Typically, young and middle-aged adults participate more than older adults, and the average age in Plano is 37. 2 so this is a positive for learning as we move forward on our Health Promotion plan (Adults). The population more at risk for difficulty in learning is the homeless. The total number of homeless as of September 2012 is 291; this is a 55% increase since last year (Conrad, 2012). Although this is not a huge number comparatively it is significant in evaluating readiness to learn. Homeless people are at a great disadvantage for receiving access to education because it is not as easily readily available to them. There are a number of community resources for the homeless, and it is important we work with The Samaritan Inn, The Family Promise Network, My Friend’s House as well as the Collin County Homeless Coalition, and the Metro Dallas Homeless in presenting the education materials we stand a better chance of the material being received, absorbed and applied by the homeless population. It is also important to work with these programs to see if the education is being implemented within the facilities by evaluating meal selections, access or encouragement of exercise. This can serve as not only physical by emotional advantage to all at risk patients.

Lee Kuan Yew Essay

1. Historical Background of the Leader Lee Kuan Yew was born a British subject in at Kampong Java Road Singapore on September 16, 1923. He was born to Lee Chin Koon, an English-educated and a British subject, and Chua Jim Neo. He had three brothers and a sister namely, Dennis Lee, who was able to put up a law firm with Lee Kuan Yew called Lee & Lee, Freddy Lee, a stockbroker, Lee Suan Yew, who read medicine at the University of Cambridge, and Monica Lee. Lee Kuan Yew got married to Kwa Geok Choo on September 30, 1950. They had two sons, Lee Hsien Loong, who became a Prime Minister in Singapore, and Lee Hsien Yang, who was a former President and Chief Executive Officer of SingTel. They also had a daughter named Lee Wei Ling, who runs the National Neuroscience Institute. He first studied at Telok Kurau Primary School, which he perceived as a school whose primary students were poor and not as bright and advantaged. He moved to Raffles Institution, where he was challenged because he was surrounded with the top 150 students in Singapore. Despite this, he still strived to get into the top of his class. On his junior year, he studied in Cambridge where he was able to receive scholarships and top position for the School Certificate examinations. Lee also received a scholarship for Raffles College (National University of Singapore) where he obtained the top student position for both Singapore and Malaya. When the Japanese arrived in Singapore, Lee’s university education was delayed. He used this time to learn Japanese and work as a clerk in a textile importing company. He also put up his own business where he manufactured stationery glue. When the war finished, Lee continued his studies in London School of Economics and afterwards moved to University of Cambridge. Here, he took up law at Fitzwilliam College and graduated with a double First Class Honors, an award that is rarely received. After taking up his graduate degree, he returned to Singapore to work as a lawyer. He was offered a job in John Laycock’s law firm, which he served as a legal advisor to the trade and students’ union. He also worked as an  election agent for the company, and this is where he encountered politics. Eventually, he was able to work is way to the top and he became the first Prime Minister of Singapore on June 3, 1959. During his term, he was able to make third world country, Singapore, to a first world country.1 2. Application of Edwin Locke’s Framework 3. Leadership Styles Covey’s Transformational vs. Transactional Lee Kuan Yew was more of a transformational leader. He involved changing the organization and its members for the better. He motivated his subordinates to work for â€Å"higher level† goals that allegedly transcend their personal interests. He shaped and drove Singapore’s development, catapulting the city-state from a Third World backwater, to the front ranks of the First World. An example for this would be when he wanted to lower down the unemployment rate. He decided that change was necessary and they specifically needed to get manufacturing sectors put up in Singapore then sent back to America. This resulted to them running and exporting within months, which solved their unemployment problem. Another example would be the time when he inspired the polyglot population to become the intellectual and technical center of the region. This resulted then to becoming a major player in the international economic market. Lee Kuan Yew was able to transform Singapore drastically by appealing to his followers’ values and sense of higher purpose to execute his vision for a new and improved Singapore. He was also able to align his vision accordingly with his followers, which can be seen in a testimony saying that Lee has created a tiny island of three million who constantly strive to improve. Schmidt and Tannebaum’s Continuum Lee Kuan Yew’s style is nearing the Laissez Faire leadership. He shares decision-making with group members specifically cabinet and party members, experts, the people of Singapore and many others and works with them side by side (Dubrin et al., 2006).8 He cannot be depicted wholly as a Laissez Faire  leader due to the fact that although he considers other peoples’ opinions, but since he is a Prime Minister, he has to make the final decisions. Lee Kuan Yew also allows his people to take a vote on certain issues and make them decide the outcome. An example for this would be him holding a referendum on merger with Malaysia. Blake and Mouton There are people who believe that Lee Kuan Yew is a participative leader (Dubrin et al, 2006, 75) since when he makes deicisions, he does so with a group of members and he works with them side by side. In this case, Lee’s group included his cabinet and party members, the experts he consulted with, the people of Singapore and many others. It is hard to pin point a specific subtype of participative leadership and he displays all three: Consultative, Consensus and Democratic. As Prime Minister it is important to consider other people’s opinions but often he has the power of making the final decision. This is called consultative leadership. A consensus leader will aim to have all members agree on an issue although in Lee’s case, it is virtually impossible as there are so many people involved when making decisions on behalf of the nation. A democratic leader is one who takes a vote on an issue to decide the outcome. The best example of that in Lee’s case is holding a referendum.10 His high concern for people is also seen in the riot between Malaysia and Singapore. The riot ended with twenty-three fatalities and hundreds injured so Lee appealed to the public to end the riot and severed ties with Malaysia (Wikipedia, 2007, n.p). This demonstrated his â€Å"utilitarianism† approach to decision making. He believed that the merger with Malaysia was crucial for Singapore’s survival but he saw that his people were displeased and that the situation could result in more bloodshed so he decided that ending the Federation would be the most beneficial decision. Situational Leadership and David Coleman’s Situations Lee Kuan Yew is definitely has a coercive leadership style. Despite the fact that Singapore was in a crisis, he was able to deal with a very difficult task and that is to transform a developing nation into one of the world’s most developed countries. Through industrialization, Singapore was able to  work her way up to the top. Lee Kuan Yew could also be considered as having affiliation as his leadership style since he was able to devise a plan with the Malayan Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman to merge the countries of Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore together to form a Federation in order to end British Colonial Rule, despite the fact that this union was short-lived. 4. Special Qualities Bennis’ Attributes Lee Kuan Yew possessed a guided vision. An example for this would be his vision of greening the city in Singapore. Due to his determination he has transformed Singapore to one of the greenest cities of the world.13 Lee Kuan Yew also possessed passion. According to the former Malaysian Finance Minister Daim Zainuddin. He remains, as always, passionate about Singapore, its citizens, its future and its relationship with its neighbors. That passion has driven him to make Singapore vibrant and relevant, and towards this he is committed to shaping the minds of young Singaporeans. This latest book illuminates his thinking that is bound to raise discussions about the future of Singapore. Covey’s Seven Habits Lee Kuan Yew was also believed to have made proactive movements under his governance. Himself a lawyer, Mr. Lee Kuan Yew knows the importance of effective law enforcement and rigorous administrative system. Under his leadership, the Government has been proactive in developing high standards of public health and a quality environment with clean air, clean land, clean water and also a control on noise pollution. Aside from this, Lee Kuan Yew set his priorities straight. He aimed for Singapore’s economic and social development, which he made sure that the government delivered, even if it meant tough laws such as the Land Acquisition Act. He also prioritized nationhood and unity. He provided a  quality living environment, regardless of status, coupled with universal home ownership. He believed this will contribute to the sense of equality in the society. He even said in a speech â€Å"You can’t have this sense without giving all Singaporeans a clean and green Singapore. Today, whether you are in a flat, executive condominium or landed property, it’s clean. You don’t live equally, but you are not excluded from the public spaces for everybody.† Greenleaf’s Servant Leadership Lee Kuan Yew was a prime minister and a public servant. He places service before self-interest (Dubrin et al, 2006, 69). He is concerned with developing his people’s welfare and socioeconomic status, which included creating a better health and education standards. Lee is also believed to â€Å"listen first to express confidence in others,† another attribute of a servant leader. He pays attention for his to be able to acquire insights to concerns and problems in order to decide what action he has to take to resolve these issues. As a politician in a democratic society, this is crucial because if Lee ignored the needs of his country he would have be overturned and lost power. A servant leader must also be able to â€Å"inspire trust by being trustworthy.† Lee built a foundation of trust early in his political career. He was able to relate to his voters by describing his political party, People’s Action Party as, â€Å"beer-swilling bourgeois.† (Wikipedia, 2007, n.p) More importantly, he consistently delivered on his policies. An example for this would be when he was recognising Singapore’s housing problem and solving it. There was a shortage of housing so he organised housing to be built on government owned land and currently, 90% of Singaporeans own their own home as cited by Elegant, Elliot and Smith. (2005, p.38). Lee Kuan Yew is also considered a servant leader since he focuses on what is feasible to accomplish† and concentrates on the most important issues which means some will be neglected. As Prime Minister, he was responsible for an entire country with a population of over four million so naturally, some issues would be overlooked but he ensured that his people’s interests were placed first and his three main concerns were national security, the economy a nd social issues. 5. Conclusions and Implications for Organizational Effectiveness Lee Kuan Yew is considered one of the most successful and exceptional leaders of our time. He is able to communicate with people and identify with their goals and aspirations. He is also trustworthy and this could be demonstrated in his track record of good judgment. Smedinghoff (2004, p.9) believes Lee displays excellent character and this is shown through his integrity. He states that, â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew’s insistence on replicating his integrity was recognized when the Institute for National Development voted Singapore the least corrupt country in Asia, and the seventh least corrupt worldwide.† His accomplishment and forty year reign in Singapore’s political scene speaks for himself. It is evident that he is highly regarded by many. Lee is testimony to show what hard work, perseverance and discipline can achieve. Lee Kuan Yew has achieved what many world leaders dream of and accomplished this without violence. He is an example of an exemplary leader. Reference: AsiaOne. â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew: Hard Truths to Keep Singapore Going.† AsiaOne. N.p., 9 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Chan, Robin. â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew: Rare Leader Who Lived by His Convictions.†Singapolitics. N.p., 16 Sept. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Drysdale, J. G. S. (1984). Singapore: Struggle for Success.Singapore: Times Books International, p. 301. (Call No.: RSING 959.57 DRY) Edinger, Lewis. â€Å"The Comparative Analysis of Political Leadership.† Comparative Politics 7.2 (January 1975): 253-69 Family (Lee, Lee Kuan Yew (2000). From Third World to First. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.) Keng-Lian, Koh. â€Å"Singapore: Vision of Former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew of the Garden City.† ESCAP Virtual Conference. Han Fook Kwang, Warren Fernandez and Sumiko Tan, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Kissinger, Henry. â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew.† Time 100. Time, 29 Apr. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. â€Å"Leadership Analysis – Lee Kuan Yew.† A Student’s Guide to Leadership. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. â€Å"Lee Kuan Yew Interview Transcript.† Interview by Lorraine Hahn. Singapore Window. N.p., 14 May 2002. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Singapolitics. â€Å"Top Leaders Recall LKY’s Leadership Style.† AsiaOne. N.p., 16 Sept. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. â€Å"The Planning of a City-State.† Proc. of Remarks by Mr Peter Ho, Chairman of the Urban Redevelopment Authority at the Lee Kuan Yew and the Physical Transformation of Singapore Public Conference. N.p., 18 Sept. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013.